Sprains vs. Strains: What’s the Difference?

Distinguishing between a strain and a sprain can be very tricky. However, the first thing to know is the difference between ligaments and tendons.

Ligament: A fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.

Tendon: A cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope, that attaches muscles to bone.

Now that we know the difference between ligaments and tendons, we can better understand what makes a sprain different than a strain! Although they have similar symptoms and causes, there is importance in knowing the difference between the two.

Sprain: A sprain is caused by ligaments being stretched too far and often in the wrong direction. The most common type of sprain is when ligaments in the ankle are overstretched; if you “roll” your ankle, the result is often a sprain.

Strain: A strain is caused by muscles and tendons being stretched too far. The most common muscle affected by strains is the hamstring; back strains are also common too.

Similar Symptoms

Sprains and strains share similar symptoms which is why they are often confused with one another at first glance. Symptoms often include:

· Pain

· Swelling

· Loss of Mobility/Range of Motion

The only difference between symptoms of sprains and strains is that sprains case bruising. Strains, on the other hand, affect muscle and therefore lead to muscle spasms instead.

Similar Causes

Although sprains and strains can seem to happen out of nowhere or from the slightest wrong movement, there are activities and movements that can increase your risk of injury.

· Playing Sports: Athletes face higher rates of sprains and strains due to physical activity and/or exercise as these place stress on joints and muscles.

· Overuse: Repetitive motions or states of overexertion can physically stress the body which increases the risk of sprains and strains.

· Awkward Movements or Positions: Sitting, turning, or standing without conscious thought on how you’re moving can quickly turn into a sprain or strain.

· Lifting: Improperly lifting heavy objects, whether at home or in the gym, is dangerous to ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Make sure to use proper lifting mechanics and warm up!

Similar Risk Factors

Anyone can sprain or strain a body part, but certain risk factors increase the chance of occurrence.

· Areas of the Body: The most common areas in the body that are more susceptible to sprains and strains are the back, ankles, wrists, knees, and thumbs.

· Activity Levels: As stated before, sports and exercise place you at risk for injury, but so does being out of shape. The better shape your body is in, the more fluid your movements and motions are. Weak muscles fail to support sudden movements which leaves the body vulnerable for sprains and strains.

· Environment: Always be aware of your surroundings as they can be hazardous. Surfaces that are slippery or wet present a risk for slipping and falling, especially if there is ice near steps and walkways. Another hazard to keep in mind is debris left over from wind or storms in walkways and paths.

Treatment and Recovery

When treating a sprain or strain, doctors recommend following the R.I.C.E. protocol. R.I.C.E. stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. However, it is also recommended you see a medical professional to make sure your injury is treated the most effective way possible.

Yours in Health,

Dr. Chelsey